Politics & Law Vocabulary in Chinese

Boost your understanding of public affairs with Politics & Law Vocabulary in Chinese. This collection covers essential terms for government, elections, legal systems, rights, and social issues.

Political and legal vocabulary helps you discuss government systems, diplomacy, rights, and international affairs more clearly in Chinese. With GuruLango’s Spaced Repetition method, you’ll retain these important words naturally, making complex topics easier to understand and discuss.

Below is a preview selection of Politics & Law vocabulary, drawn from GuruLango’s 5000-word learning collection.

1. Government - Structure, Roles & Public Administration

Use these terms to describe the functions and parts of a nation’s governing system.

Vocabulary 

Pinyin

English Meaning

政府 (noun)

zhèngfǔ

Government

国家 (noun)

guójiā

Nation

领导人 (noun)

lǐngdǎorén

Leader

官员 (noun)

guānyuán

Official

内阁 (noun)

nèigé

Cabinet

总统 (noun)

zǒngtǒng

President

总理 (noun)

zǒnglǐ

Prime minister

市长 (noun)

shìzhǎng

Mayor

州长 (noun)

zhōuzhǎng

Governor

公共服务 (noun)

gōnggòng fúwù

Public service

政策 (noun)

zhèngcè

Policy

公民 (noun)

gōngmín

Citizen

2. Politics - Political Actions, Ideologies & Elections

These words help you discuss political behavior, beliefs, and decision-making processes.

Vocabulary 

Pinyin

English Meaning

政治 (noun)

zhèngzhì

Politics

选举 (noun/verb)

xuǎnjǔ

Election / Elect

投票 (verb)

tóupiào

Vote

政党 (noun)

zhèngdǎng

Political party

候选人 (noun)

hòuxuǎnrén

Candidate

政见 (noun)

zhèngjiàn

Political view

改革 (noun/verb)

gǎigé

Reform

议会 (noun)

yìhuì

Parliament

竞选 (verb)

jìngxuǎn

Campaign

策略 (noun)

cèlüè

Strategy

公众舆论 (noun)

gōngzhòng yúlùn

Public opinion

3. Diplomacy - Foreign Affairs, Global Relations & Negotiation

Use these terms to describe international interactions, diplomatic efforts, and global cooperation.

Vocabulary 

Pinyin

English Meaning

外交 (noun)

wàijiāo

Diplomacy

国际关系 (noun)

guójì guānxì

International relations

大使 (noun)

dàshǐ

Ambassador

领事馆 (noun)

lǐngshìguǎn

Consulate

协商 (verb)

xiéshāng

Negotiate

条约 (noun)

tiáoyuē

Treaty

合作 (noun/verb)

hézuò

Cooperation

冲突 (noun)

chōngtū

Conflict

和平 (noun)

hépíng

Peace

访问 (verb)

fǎngwèn

Visit (official)

外交政策 (noun)

wàijiāo zhèngcè

Foreign policy

4. Department & Branch - Divisions of Governmental Power

These words help you identify major departments, ministries, and governmental units.

Vocabulary 

Pinyin

English Meaning

部门 (noun)

bùmén

Department

部长 (noun)

bùzhǎng

Minister

国防部 (noun)

guófángbù

Ministry of Defense

教育部 (noun)

jiàoyùbù

Ministry of Education

外交部 (noun)

wàijiāobù

Ministry of Foreign Affairs

财政部 (noun)

cáizhèngbù

Ministry of Finance

法院 (noun)

fǎyuàn

Court

立法机构 (noun)

lìfǎ jīgòu

Legislative branch

行政部门 (noun)

xíngzhèng bùmén

Executive branch

司法机构 (noun)

sīfǎ jīgòu

Judicial branch

地方政府 (noun)

dìfāng zhèngfǔ

Local government

5. Law - Legal Terms, Rules & Justice System

Use these words to talk about legal systems, regulations, and rights in Chinese.

Vocabulary 

Pinyin

English Meaning

法律 (noun)

fǎlǜ

Law

法规 (noun)

fǎguī

Regulation

宪法 (noun)

xiànfǎ

Constitution

犯罪 (noun/verb)

fànzuì

Crime / Commit crime

法官 (noun)

fǎguān

Judge

律师 (noun)

lǜshī

Lawyer

证据 (noun)

zhèngjù

Evidence

审判 (verb/noun)

shěnpàn

Trial / Judge

判决 (noun/verb)

pànjué

Verdict / Sentence

违法 (verb)

wéifǎ

Break the law

权威 (noun)

quánwēi

Authority

6. Right & Obligation - Duties, Rights & Legal Responsibilities

Use these terms to express rights, civic duties, and responsibilities in society.

Vocabulary

Pinyin

English Meaning

权利 (noun)

quánlì

Rights

义务 (noun)

yìwù

Obligation

自由 (noun)

zìyóu

Freedom

隐私权 (noun)

yǐnsīquán

Right to privacy

受教育权 (noun)

shòu jiàoyù quán

Right to education

纳税 (verb)

nàshuì

Pay taxes

服兵役 (verb)

fú bīngyì

Serve military service

遵守法律 (verb)

zūnshǒu fǎlǜ

Obey the law

公共责任 (noun)

gōnggòng zérèn

Public responsibility

社会义务 (noun)

shèhuì yìwù

Social duty

投票权 (noun)

tóupiàoquán

Right to vote

7. International Organization - Global Groups & Multinational Institutions

Use these terms to discuss well-known organizations that operate worldwide.

Vocabulary

Pinyin

English Meaning

国际组织 (noun)

guójì zǔzhī

International organization

联合国 (noun)

Liánhéguó

United Nations

世界银行 (noun)

Shìjiè Yínháng

World Bank

世界卫生组织 (noun)

Shìjiè Wèishēng Zǔzhī

WHO

国际红十字会 (noun)

Guójì Hóng Shízìhuì

Red Cross

北约 (noun)

Běiyuē

NATO

欧盟 (noun)

Ōuméng

European Union

亚太经合组织 (noun)

Yàtài Jīnghé Zǔzhī

APEC

东盟 (noun)

Dōngméng

ASEAN

世界贸易组织 (noun)

Shìjiè Màoyì Zǔzhī

WTO

国际法院 (noun)

Guójì Fǎyuàn

International Court of Justice

These seven vocabulary themes help you discuss government, law, rights, diplomacy, and global relations fluently in Chinese. With GuruLango’s Spaced Repetition system, you will strengthen retention and express complex political concepts more confidently.

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